1, external cause

1）工作环境

1) working environment

首先是硬环境，即保安员所服务单位的地理位置、交通条件、基础设施等外在客观条件。有无值班备勤休息室、遮阳、避雨、取暖、饮水等基本设施，执勤条件、舒适程度和环境优劣直接影响着保安员的工作状态和心理感受。

The first is the hard environment, that is, the geographical location of the security service unit, traffic conditions, infrastructure and other external objective conditions. The basic facilities, such as on-duty rest room, sun shade, rain shelter, heating, drinking water, etc., have a direct impact on the working conditions and psychological feelings of security guards.

其次是软环境，包括诸如思想观念、文化氛围、人员素养、体制机制、政策法规及政府行政能力水平等外部因素和条件。

The second is the soft environment, including such external factors and conditions as ideology, cultural atmosphere, personnel quality, institutional mechanisms, policies and regulations, and the level of government administrative capacity.

2）工资福利

2) wages and benefits

这是每一个保安员都十分关心的问题，他直接影响着保安员的工作态度、工作积极性和心理感受。

This is a matter of great concern to every security guard, who directly affects his attitude, enthusiasm and psychological feelings.

按照经济学“高付出、高回报”的规律和管理心理学中“公平理论”强调的，人们总是通过横向或纵向比较自己的付出和汇报的比率来判断是否公平，从而调整自己的投入和收益比率。

According to the law of "high pay, high return" in economics and the "fair theory" in management psychology, people always judge whether it is fair by comparing their pay and report rates horizontally or vertically, so as to adjust their input and return ratio.

3）意外事故

3) accidents

勤务事故、安全生产事故，以及婚姻家庭破裂、天灾人祸、生老病死、自身安全、财务安全、比赛考试等突发事件，都会给保安员带来一定的心理冲击，也容易导致保安员的不良心理状态。

Service accidents, safety accidents, marriage and family breakdown, natural and man-made disasters, old and sick, their own safety, financial security, competition and other unexpected incidents, will bring a certain psychological impact on security guards, but also easy to lead to bad psychological state of security guards.

4）管理因素

4) management factors

管理者的态度直接影响着保安员的工作效率和工作态度。如果要求过于松懈，会导致保安员出现懒散和缺乏上进心的情况；如果要求过于严苛，不仅无形中在增加了保安员的工作压力，还会打击保安员的积极性。

The attitude of managers directly affects the work efficiency and attitude of security guards. If the requirements are too lax, security guards will lead to lazy and lack of motivation; if the requirements are too harsh, not only invisibly increased the pressure on security guards, but also to combat the enthusiasm of security guards.

2、内因

2, internal cause

1）个人需求

1) personal needs

马斯洛的需求层次理论，把人的需求由低级到高级划分为五部分：生理需求、安全需求、社交或情感需求、尊重需求和自我实现的需求。

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory divides human needs from low to high into five parts: physiological needs, security needs, social or emotional needs, respect needs and self-fulfillment needs.

在个体某一层次的需求得到满足后，就会要求更高层次的需求，而且在不同时期，个体的需求也会有所不同。

When the individual's needs at a certain level are met, higher levels of needs will be required, and at different times, individual needs will be different.

2）人际关系

2) interpersonal relationship

心理学研究表明，来源于工作任务本身的压力更多导致的是生理上的疲劳，而来源于管理和人际关系等方面的压力带给人更多的是心理困扰。

Psychological research shows that stress from the work task itself leads to more physical fatigue, while stress from management and interpersonal relationships brings more psychological distress.

每个保安员都是带着不同的思想进入企业，对同一事物有着不同的看法，如果各执己见，便会导致单位内部沟通不畅，人际关系复杂，冲突增多，造成工作效率低下，企业凝聚力下降，从而使保安员自身感到身心疲惫。

Every security guard enters the enterprise with different ideas and has different opinions on the same thing. If he holds his own opinions, it will lead to poor communication within the unit, complicated interpersonal relations, increased conflicts, resulting in inefficiency, corporate cohesion decline, so that security guards themselves feel physically and mentally exhausted.

3）心理因素

3) psychological factors

保安员的心理健康与个人心理素质有着非常重要的关系，主要体现在以下几个方面：

There is a very important relationship between the psychological health of security guards and their personal psychological quality, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

性格类型。性格是一个人对现实稳定的态度和习惯化了的行为方式表现出来的人格特征，性格分为外向型和内向型。外向性格的人心理活动倾向于外部世界，内向性格的人感情比较深沉，待人接物小心谨慎，喜欢单独工作。

Character type. Character is a person's stable attitude to reality and habituated behavior shows the personality characteristics, personality is divided into extroverted and introverted. Extroverted people tend to be psychologically active in the outside world, introverted people are more emotional, cautious, like to work alone.

归因风格。归因风格是指个体对事件发生的原因习惯上倾向于做出怎样的解释，包括内在——外在、稳定——不稳定、整体——局部、可控制——不可控制4个维度。

Attributional style. Attributional style refers to how individuals habitually tend to interpret the causes of events, including internal - external, stable - unstable, overall - local, controllable - uncontrollable four dimensions.

应对方式。应对方式是个体面对内外环境是要求及其相关的心理生理困扰而采用的方法、手段和策略。

Coping style. Coping style is a method, means and strategy adopted by individuals facing the internal and external environment and related psychological and physiological problems.